By Gift Mulenga, University of Zambia, International Relations Student.
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health challenge in Zambia, with an adult prevalence rate of 11.1% (Zambia Demographic and Health Survey, 2020). Despite progress in treatment and prevention, myths and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS persist, fueling stigma and hindering testing and treatment efforts. By debunking these falsehoods and sharing accurate information, we can foster understanding and encourage access to care.
One common misconception is that mosquitòes can transmit HIV. This is false. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, cannot survive in insècts and their bites do not transfer the virus between people. This myth often creates unwarranted fear of everyday environments, leading to unnecessary isolation of those living with HIV. Understanding that HIV is transmitted only through specific human bodily fluids blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk can alleviate these fears.
Another widespread belief is that using two condòms provides double pròtection. In reality, using two còndoms at once increases friction, making them more likely to tear or slip, thus reducing their effectiveness. Correct and consistent use of a single, high-quality condòm is highly effective in preventing HIV transmission during s£xual activity. Clear education on proper condòm use is essential to dispel this misconception and promote safer practices.
Some Zambians believe that only “immòral” people contract HIV, a harmful stereotype that does not reflect reality. HIV does not discriminate based on lifestyle, mòrality, or social status. With 11.1% of adults aged 15–49 living with HIV in Zambia, the virus affects diverse groups, including those in committed relationships. This myth perpetuates stigma, discourages testing, and creates barriers to care, underscoring the need for compassionate, inclusive education.
The notion that HIV is caused by witchcraft or a curse is another dangerous misconception. HIV is a virus, not a supernatural phenomenon, and it can be effectively managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), enabling people to lead long, healthy lives. Belief in this myth often leads individuals to seek traditional healers instead of medical care, delaying critical treatment. Promoting the biological nature of HIV is vital to encouraging testing and adherence to ART.
A related misconception is that HIV can be spread through casual contact, such as shaking hands, sharing food, or hugging. This is untrue. HIV is only transmitted through specific bodily fluids, and everyday interactions pose no risk. This myth fuels fear and social isolation of people living with HIV, hindering community support and empathy. Education about safe interactions can help Zambians engage compassionately with those affected.
Effective prevention strategies are key to reducing HIV transmission in Zambia. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), a safe, one-time procedure, reduces HIV risk by up to 60% (WHO) and lowers the risk of other sexually transmitted infections. Mutual monogamy with an HIV-negative partner, supported by open communication and regular testing, also minimizes transmission. Additionally, correct and consistent condom use, widely available through health facilities and community programs, remains a cornerstone of HIV prevention.
Despite these advancements, stigma rooted in myths such as HIV being a curse or a disease of immorality continues to isolate those affected and deter them from seeking care. Sharing accurate information and inspiring stories, such as a Zambian’s journey overcoming stigma in a YouTube video with Bemba and Nyanja subtitles, can foster empathy and encourage testing and treatment.By challenging misconceptions and promoting understanding, Zambia can move closer to an HIV-free future.
#GetTheMicAndBreakStigma
#SDG
#HIVAwareness
#EndHIVStigma
#ZambiaHealth
#PublicHealth
#HIVPrevention
#KnowTheFacts
#HealthDiplomacy
#internationalrelations